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Young adult (psychology)
A young adult is generally a person in the age range of 20 to 39 (or 40), whereas an adolescent is a person aging from 13 to 19, although definitions and opinions, such as Erik Erikson's stages of human development, vary. The young adult stage in human development precedes middle adulthood. A person in the middle adulthood stage ages from 40 (or 41) to 64. In old age, a person is 65 years old or older.〔Martin Briner, (Erik Erikson page ), 1999, on Briner's (site about learning theories ), USMA Department of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE), United States Military Academy at West Point. Accessed 24 November 2006.〕
==Time co-ordinates==
For a variety of reasons, timeliness on young adulthood cannot be exactly defined—producing different results according to the different mix of overlapping indices (legal, maturational, occupational, sexual, emotional and the like) employed, or on whether 'a ''developmental perspective''...() the ''socialization perspective''〔Daniel J. Levinson, "A Conception of Adult Development," in Richard D. Gross ed., ''Key Studies in Psychology'' (1994) p. 304–5〕 is taken. 'Sub-phases in this timetable of psychosocial growth patterns...are not rigid, and both social change and individual variations must be taken into account'〔R. and R. Rapoport, ''Growing through Life'' (1980) p. 46〕—not to mention regional and cultural differences. Arguably indeed, with people living longer, and also reaching puberty earlier, 'age norms for major life events have become highly elastic'〔Gail Sheehy, ''New Passages'' (London 1996) p. 15〕 by the twenty-first century.
Some have suggested that, after ' ''Pre-adulthood''...in the first 20 years or so...the second era, ''Early Adulthood'', lasts from about age 17 to 45...the adult era of greatest energy and abundance and of greatest contradiction and stress.'〔Levinson, "Conception" p. 291–3〕 Within that framework, 'the ''Early Adult Transition'' (17–22) is a developmental bridge between pre-adulthood and early adulthood',〔Levinson, "Conception" p. 297〕 recognizing that 'the transition into adulthood is not a clear-cut dividing line'.〔Charles Zastrow/Karen K. Kirst-Ashman, ''Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment'' (2009) p. 411〕 One might alternatively speak of 'a ''Provisional Adulthood (18–30)''...() the initiation to First Adulthood'〔Sheehy, p. 10 and p. 59〕 as following that.
Despite all such fluidity, there is broad agreement that it is essentially the twenties and thirties which constitute ' ''Early adulthood''...the basis for what Levinson calls ''the Dream''—a vision of his (her ) goal's in life which provide motivation and enthusiasm for the future'.〔Ann Birch, ''Developmental Psychology'' (London 1997) p. 220〕
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